Skip to main content
Read about

What is the cost of treating normal abdominal pain?

Abdominal pain is a common ailment that affects millions of people worldwide, but understanding the costs associated with its treatment can be challenging. This comprehensive guide aims to demystify the expenses related to treating normal abdominal pain, from initial diagnosis to various treatment options. Whether you're experiencing mild discomfort or more severe symptoms, we'll explore the different severity levels of abdominal pain and their corresponding treatment paths. You'll learn about the costs of doctor visits, diagnostic tests, medications, and potential procedures, as well as strategies to optimize your care for both cost-effectiveness and efficiency. By the end of this article, you'll be equipped with the knowledge to make informed decisions about your healthcare, balancing your medical needs with financial considerations. Let's dive into the world of abdominal pain treatment and its associated costs.
Tooltip Icon.
Written by Andrew Le, MD.
Medically reviewed by
Last updated September 2, 2024

Try our free symptom checker

Get a thorough self-assessment before your visit to the doctor.

Severity Levels of Normal Abdominal Pain

Normal abdominal pain can vary in intensity and impact on daily life. Understanding the different severity levels can help individuals make informed decisions about when and how to seek treatment.

Mild Abdominal Pain

Mild abdominal pain is characterized by intermittent discomfort that has minimal impact on daily activities. Individuals experiencing this level of pain can often manage their symptoms at home.

  • Symptoms and risk factors:
    • Occasional cramping or bloating
    • Mild discomfort after eating
    • No fever or severe nausea
  • Diagnosis: Self-diagnosis or virtual consultation
  • Imaging/labs: Generally not required
  • Treatments: Over-the-counter medications, lifestyle changes

Moderate Abdominal Pain

Moderate abdominal pain is more persistent and may have some impact on daily activities. This level of pain often requires professional medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment.

  • Symptoms and risk factors:
    • Persistent pain lasting several days
    • Moderate discomfort that affects sleep or eating habits
    • Possible mild fever or nausea
  • Diagnosis: In-person doctor visit
  • Imaging/labs: Possible blood tests or ultrasound
  • Treatments: Prescription medications, dietary changes

Severe Abdominal Pain

Severe abdominal pain is intense and has a significant impact on daily activities. This level of pain requires immediate medical attention to rule out serious conditions and provide appropriate treatment. Severe abdominal pain is rarely considered normal.

  • Symptoms and risk factors:
    • Intense, debilitating pain
    • Fever, severe nausea, or vomiting
    • Possible signs of dehydration or infection
  • Diagnosis: Emergency room visit
  • Imaging/labs: CT scan, comprehensive blood tests
  • Treatments: IV medications, possible procedures

Summary Table: Severity Levels

Severity LevelCharacteristicsDiagnosisLabs/ImagingTreatment
MildIntermittent discomfort, minimal impact on daily activitiesSelf-diagnosis or virtual consultationGenerally not requiredOver-the-counter medications, lifestyle changes
ModeratePersistent pain, some impact on daily activitiesIn-person doctor visitPossible blood tests or ultrasoundPrescription medications, dietary changes
SevereIntense pain, significant impact on daily activitiesEmergency room visitCT scan, comprehensive blood testsIV medications, possible procedures

Understanding these severity levels can help individuals make appropriate decisions about seeking medical care and managing their abdominal pain effectively.

Getting a Diagnosis

When it comes to diagnosing abdominal pain, there are several options available, each with its own cost and time considerations. Let's explore these options in detail:

Self-diagnosis

Self-diagnosis is the most cost-effective option, but it's only appropriate for mild cases of abdominal pain.

  • Cost: $0
  • Time: Immediate
  • Appropriate for: Mild abdominal pain

While this option is free, it's important to note that self-diagnosis carries risks and should only be considered for very mild symptoms that resolve quickly.

Virtual consultation

Virtual consultations have become increasingly popular, offering a convenient and often cost-effective way to speak with a healthcare professional.

Teladoc

  • Cost:
    • Without insurance: $89 per visit for general medical visits
    • With insurance: $0-$89 per visit, depending on your coverage
  • Time: Same day or next day appointment, typically 15-30 minutes

MDLive

  • Cost:
    • Without insurance: $0 to $82 for urgent care consultations
    • With insurance: Costs may be lower, depending on your plan
  • Time: On-demand or scheduled appointments, typically 15-30 minutes

OptimalMD

  • Cost: Free with OptimalMD membership ($47 per month for the entire family)
  • Time: On-demand virtual consultations

In-person doctor visit

For moderate abdominal pain or when a physical examination is necessary, an in-person doctor visit may be the best option.

Average US Clinic

  • Cost:
    • Without insurance: Approximately $400
    • With insurance: Copay typically ranges from $20 to $50, depending on your plan
  • Time: 1-3 days for appointment, 30-60 minutes for visit

Some clinics offer discounted rates for cash payments or have sliding scale fees based on income. For example:

MinuteClinic

  • Cost: $35 to $250, depending on the service provided
  • Time: Walk-in visits available, typically 30-60 minutes

OptimalMD In-Person Visits

  • Cost: Heavily discounted with OptimalMD membership
  • Time: Varies by location and availability

Emergency room visit

For severe abdominal pain or symptoms that suggest a medical emergency, an emergency room visit is necessary.

  • Cost:
    • Without insurance: Average of $2,715 (as of 2024)
    • With insurance: Typically, a copay of $50 to $250 or coinsurance of 10% to 30%
  • Time: Several hours, depending on urgency and hospital capacity

It's important to note that emergency room costs can vary widely depending on the tests and treatments required. Always go to the ER for severe or life-threatening symptoms, regardless of cost.

Summary Table: Assessment Options

ModalityAppropriate SeverityPrice Without InsurancePrice With InsuranceEfficiency
Self-diagnosisMild$0$0Immediate
Virtual consultation (Teladoc)Mild to Moderate$89$0-$89Same/Next day, 15-30 min
Virtual consultation (MDLive)Mild to Moderate$0-$82VariesOn-demand or scheduled, 15-30 min
Virtual consultation (OptimalMD)Mild to ModerateFree with membershipFree with membershipOn-demand
In-person doctor visit (Average US clinic)Moderate$400$20-$50 copay1-3 days wait, 30-60 min visit

This table provides a quick comparison of the different diagnosis options, their appropriate use cases, costs, and efficiency. Remember that the best choice depends on the severity of your symptoms and your individual circumstances.

Imaging and Laboratory Tests

When it comes to diagnosing the cause of normal abdominal pain, your healthcare provider may recommend various imaging and laboratory tests. The cost and efficiency of these tests can vary significantly depending on the provider and your insurance status. Let's explore the options:

Blood Tests

1. Complete Blood Count (CBC)

A CBC is a common test that can help identify infections, anemia, and other conditions that might be causing abdominal pain.

  • LabCorp:
    • Cash price: $59.00
    • With insurance: Varies, typically a copay of $10-$50
    • Time: Results usually available within 24-48 hours
  • Quest Diagnostics:
    • Cash price: $29.00 (in-lab), $108.00 (at-home collection)
    • With insurance: Varies, typically a copay of $10-$50
    • Time: Results usually available within 24-48 hours
  • OptimalMD: Free with OptimalMD membership
    • Time: Results usually available within 24-48 hours

2. Liver Function Tests

Liver function tests can help diagnose conditions affecting the liver, which may cause abdominal pain.

  • LabCorp:
    • Cash price: $36.00 - $113.99 (Hepatic Function Panel)
    • With insurance: Varies, typically a copay of $10-$50
    • Time: Results usually available within 24-48 hours
  • Quest Diagnostics:
    • Cash price: $23.00 - $31.00 (Hepatic Function Panel)
    • With insurance: Varies, typically a copay of $10-$50
    • Time: Results usually available within 24-48 hours
  • OptimalMD: Free with OptimalMD membership
    • Time: Results usually available within 24-48 hours

Ultrasound

An abdominal ultrasound can help visualize organs in the abdomen and identify potential issues causing pain.

  • RadNet:
    • Cash price: $650
    • With insurance: Varies, typically 10-30% of cash price after deductible
    • Time: 30-60 minutes for procedure, results often same day
  • SimonMed Imaging:
    • Cash price: $120 - $260
    • With insurance: Varies, typically 10-30% of cash price after deductible
    • Time: 30-60 minutes for procedure, results often same day
  • OptimalMD: Heavily discounted with OptimalMD membership
    • Time: 30-60 minutes for procedure, results often same day

CT Scan

A CT scan provides detailed images of the abdomen and can help diagnose various conditions causing abdominal pain.

  • RadNet:
    • Cash price: $515 - $690 (based on CT Scan with Contrast in Raleigh, NC)
    • With insurance: Varies, typically 10-30% of cash price after deductible
    • Time: 30 minutes for procedure, results within 24 hours
  • SimonMed Imaging:
    • Cash price: $650 - $1,450
    • With insurance: Varies, typically 10-30% of cash price after deductible
    • Time: 30 minutes for procedure, results within 24 hours
  • OptimalMD: Heavily discounted with OptimalMD membership
    • Time: 30 minutes for procedure, results within 24 hours

It's important to note that while OptimalMD offers significant cost savings, the availability of services may vary by location. Always consult with your healthcare provider to determine which tests are necessary for your specific situation.

Summary Table: Diagnostics

ModalitySeverity LevelPrice Without InsurancePrice With InsuranceEfficiency
CBCMild to Severe$29 - $108$10 - $50 copay24-48 hours
Liver Function TestsModerate to Severe$23 - $114$10 - $50 copay24-48 hours
Abdominal UltrasoundModerate to Severe$120 - $65010-30% of cash price30-60 min, same-day results
Abdominal CT ScanSevere$515 - $1,45010-30% of cash price30 min, results within 24 hours

Note: OptimalMD offers free or heavily discounted rates for all these services with their $47/month family membership.

Prescription Medications

Prescription medications are often necessary for treating moderate to severe abdominal pain. The cost of these medications can vary significantly depending on the specific drug, dosage, and whether you're using a brand name or generic version. Let's explore some common prescription medications used for abdominal pain, their costs, and various payment options.

Antispasmodics

Antispasmodics are medications that help relieve cramping and spasms in the digestive tract. One commonly prescribed antispasmodic is dicyclomine, available both as a brand name (Bentyl) and generic version.

  1. Bentyl (brand name)
  • Oral tablets (20 mg): About $19 for 20 tablets without insurance
  • With discount cards like SingleCare, the generic version can cost as low as $3 for 20 tablets
  • Free with OptimalMD membership
  1. Dicyclomine (generic)
  • Oral capsules (10 mg): About $10.15 for 4 capsules without insurance
  • With discount cards, prices can be as low as $2.54 for 4 capsules
  • Free with OptimalMD membership

Dicyclomine typically provides relief within 30-60 minutes and is taken as needed.

Acid Reducers

Acid reducers, also known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), are commonly prescribed for acid-related digestive issues. Let's look at esomeprazole, available as both brand name (Nexium) and generic versions.

  1. Nexium (brand name)
  • Prescription Nexium (20 mg or 40 mg): About $299 for 30 capsules without insurance
  • With discount cards or manufacturer savings programs, prices can be reduced to $15-$30 per month
  • Free with OptimalMD membership
  1. Esomeprazole (generic)
  • Oral delayed release capsules (40 mg): About $20.12 for 30 capsules without insurance
  • With discount cards like GoodRx, prices can be as low as $12.48 for a 30-day supply
  • Free with OptimalMD membership

Esomeprazole typically takes 1-4 days to reach full effect and is usually taken daily.

Anti-inflammatory Medications

For abdominal pain associated with inflammation, doctors might prescribe non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Let's look at one common prescription-strength NSAID, celecoxib.

  1. Celebrex (brand name)
  • Celebrex (200 mg): About $600.21 for 30 capsules without insurance
  • With discount coupons, the generic version can cost as low as $8.81 for 30 capsules
  • Heavily discounted with OptimalMD membership
  1. Celecoxib (generic)
  • Celecoxib (200 mg): About $19.87 for 30 capsules without insurance
  • With discount cards like SingleCare, prices can be as low as $8.81 for 30 capsules
  • Heavily discounted with OptimalMD membership

Celecoxib typically provides relief within 24-48 hours and is usually taken daily or as prescribed by a doctor.

Summary Table: Prescription Medications

MedicationSeverity LevelPrice Without InsurancePrice With Insurance/DiscountEfficiency
Bentyl (brand)Moderate to Severe$19 for 20 tablets$3 for 20 tablets (with discount)Relief in 30-60 minutes
Dicyclomine (generic)Moderate to Severe$10.15 for 4 capsulesAs low as $2.54 for 4 capsulesRelief in 30-60 minutes
Nexium (brand)Moderate to Severe$299 for 30 capsules$15-$30 per month (with savings program)Full effect in 1-4 days
Esomeprazole (generic)Moderate to Severe$20.12 for 30 capsules$12.48 for 30 capsules (with discount)Full effect in 1-4 days
Celebrex (brand)Moderate to Severe$600.21 for 30 capsules$8.81 for 30 capsules (generic with coupon)Relief in 24-48 hours

Note: All medications listed are free or heavily discounted with OptimalMD membership ($47/month for entire family).

Over-the-Counter Treatments

Over-the-counter (OTC) treatments are often the first line of defense for mild to moderate abdominal pain. These medications are readily available without a prescription and can provide quick relief for many common causes of abdominal discomfort. Let's explore the two main categories of OTC treatments for abdominal pain: antacids and pain relievers.

Antacids

Antacids are commonly used to relieve heartburn, indigestion, and upset stomach, which can all contribute to abdominal pain. They work by neutralizing stomach acid.

Brand name (e.g., Tums):

  • National average price: $0.09 per tablet
  • Examples of suppliers and prices:
    • CVS Pharmacy (nationwide): $14.99 for 160 Ultra Strength tablets
    • Walmart (nationwide): $8.49 for 96 Extra Strength tablets
    • Walgreens (nationwide): $2.99 for 32 Regular Strength tablets

Generic calcium carbonate:

  • National average price: Approximately $0.07 to $0.11 per tablet for pharmaceutical-grade calcium carbonate tablets
  • Examples of suppliers and prices:
    • Amazon (nationwide): $10.29 for 90 tablets ($0.11 per tablet)
    • Walmart (nationwide): $4.88 for 60 tablets ($0.08 per tablet)
    • Walgreens (nationwide): $5.99 for 96 tablets ($0.06 per tablet)

Time: Relief within 5-15 minutes, taken as needed

Insurance and discount cards: Most insurance plans do not cover over-the-counter medications. However, some flexible spending accounts (FSAs) or health savings accounts (HSAs) may allow you to use pre-tax dollars for these purchases. Discount cards like GoodRx or SingleCare may offer small savings on OTC medications.

Pain Relievers

Pain relievers, such as acetaminophen, can help alleviate abdominal pain by reducing inflammation and blocking pain signals.

Brand name (e.g., Tylenol):

  • National average price: Approximately $0.11 to $0.27 per tablet
  • Examples of suppliers and prices:
    • Amazon (nationwide): $10.97 for 100 Extra Strength caplets ($0.11 per caplet)
    • CVS Pharmacy (nationwide): $11.79 for 100 Extra Strength caplets ($0.12 per caplet)
    • Walgreens (nationwide): $13.99 for 100 Extra Strength caplets ($0.14 per caplet)

Generic acetaminophen:

  • National average price: Approximately $0.03 to $0.10 per tablet
  • Examples of suppliers and prices:
    • Walmart (nationwide): $4.00 for 100 Extra Strength tablets ($0.04 per tablet)
    • Target (nationwide): $2.99 for 100 Extra Strength tablets ($0.03 per tablet)
    • Costco (nationwide): $11.49 for 1000 Extra Strength tablets ($0.01 per tablet)

Time: Relief within 30-60 minutes, taken as needed

Insurance and discount cards: As with antacids, most insurance plans do not cover over-the-counter pain relievers. However, FSAs and HSAs may allow for pre-tax purchases. Discount cards like GoodRx or SingleCare can offer savings, particularly on larger quantities.

Summary Table: OTCs

ModalityAppropriate Severity Level(s)Price Without InsurancePrice With Insurance/DiscountEfficiency
Antacids (Brand)Mild to Moderate$0.09 - $0.47 per tabletMay be covered by FSA/HSA; minimal discount card savingsRelief in 5-15 minutes
Antacids (Generic)Mild to Moderate$0.06 - $0.11 per tabletMay be covered by FSA/HSA; minimal discount card savingsRelief in 5-15 minutes
Pain Relievers (Brand)Mild to Moderate$0.11 - $0.27 per tabletMay be covered by FSA/HSA; minimal discount card savingsRelief in 30-60 minutes
Pain Relievers (Generic)Mild to Moderate$0.01 - $0.10 per tabletMay be covered by FSA/HSA; discount cards may offer savingsRelief in 30-60 minutes

Procedures

When treating normal abdominal pain, procedures are typically reserved for more severe or persistent cases. The two most common procedures for diagnosing and treating abdominal pain are endoscopy and colonoscopy. Let's explore each of these procedures, their costs, and efficiency.

Endoscopy

An endoscopy is a procedure used to examine the upper part of the digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach, and the beginning of the small intestine (duodenum). It's often recommended for patients with severe or persistent upper abdominal pain.

Based on the information provided by GastroHealth, here's a breakdown of endoscopy costs:

  • National Average: $1,500 - $10,000 without insurance
  • GastroHealth (Multiple locations):
    • With insurance: $1,000 - $2,700 (including co-pay and 10-50% coinsurance)
    • Without insurance: $1,500 - $10,000+

It's important to note that these prices can vary based on location, specific services required, and whether a biopsy is taken during the procedure.

Time estimates for an endoscopy:

  • Procedure duration: 15-30 minutes
  • Total time (including preparation and recovery): 1-2 hours

Colonoscopy

A colonoscopy is a procedure used to examine the lower part of the digestive system, particularly the colon and rectum. It's often recommended for patients with severe or persistent lower abdominal pain, especially if there are concerns about colorectal issues.

Based on the information provided by MedicalCity Healthcare, here's a breakdown of colonoscopy costs:

  • National Average: $1,250 - $4,800 without insurance
  • MedicalCity Healthcare (Multiple locations):
    • Atlanta, GA: $925 - $3,000
    • Chicago, IL: $1,000 - $3,300
    • Dallas, TX: $950 - $3,100
    • Houston, TX: $950 - $3,100
    • Los Angeles, CA: $1,400 - $4,600
    • Miami, FL: $1,000 - $3,300
    • New York, NY: $1,100 - $3,700
    • Philadelphia, PA: $1,100 - $3,500
    • Phoenix, AZ: $1,000 - $3,300
    • Washington, D.C.: $1,050 - $3,500

It's important to note that these prices are for the procedure itself, and additional costs may apply for prescriptions, office consultations, and bowel prep kits.

Time estimates for a colonoscopy:

  • Procedure duration: 30-60 minutes
  • Total time (including preparation and recovery): 2-3 hours

Summary Table: Procedures

ModalitySeverity LevelPrice Without InsurancePrice With InsuranceEfficiency
EndoscopyModerate to Severe$1,500 - $10,000+$1,000 - $2,7001-2 hours total
ColonoscopyModerate to Severe$925 - $4,800+Varies, typically 10-50% of total cost2-3 hours total

Note: Prices with insurance can vary significantly based on individual plans and coverage. Always check with your insurance provider for specific cost information.

Optimizing for Cost

When seeking to minimize costs for treating normal abdominal pain, consider the following strategies for each severity level:

Mild Abdominal Pain

  • Start with self-diagnosis and over-the-counter treatments
  • Opt for generic medications instead of brand-name products
  • Use virtual consultations if professional advice is needed, avoiding costly in-person visits
  • Implement lifestyle and dietary changes as a first-line approach

Moderate Abdominal Pain

  • Begin with a virtual consultation to determine if an in-person visit is necessary
  • Choose generic prescription medications when possible
  • Ask about lower-cost imaging alternatives, such as ultrasound instead of CT scan
  • Explore payment plans or negotiated cash prices for any required tests or procedures

Severe Abdominal Pain

  • If safe, contact your primary care physician before going to the emergency room
  • Choose in-network hospitals and providers to minimize out-of-pocket costs
  • Ask about generic alternatives for any prescribed medications
  • Inquire about outpatient procedures instead of hospital admission when appropriate

By focusing on these cost-effective approaches, patients can significantly reduce their expenses while still receiving appropriate care for their abdominal pain. Remember that while cost is important, it should never compromise the quality of care or delay necessary treatment for severe symptoms.

Optimizing for Efficiency

When optimizing for efficiency in treating normal abdominal pain, the goal is to achieve quick diagnosis and relief while minimizing time spent on medical appointments and procedures. Here are time-efficient strategies for each severity level:

Mild Abdominal Pain

  • Use virtual consultations for quick medical advice
  • Opt for over-the-counter medications for immediate symptom relief
  • Implement lifestyle changes promptly to address potential causes

Moderate Abdominal Pain

  • Schedule same-day or next-day in-person doctor visits
  • Choose urgent care centers over emergency rooms when possible
  • Request rapid blood tests with same-day results
  • Use prescription medications that offer fast-acting relief

Severe Abdominal Pain

  • Go directly to the emergency room for immediate attention
  • Advocate for prioritized imaging and lab tests
  • Consider hospitals with dedicated abdominal pain clinics for streamlined care

General efficiency tips:

  • Prepare a detailed symptom history before medical appointments
  • Use patient portals for quick communication with healthcare providers
  • Choose healthcare facilities with on-site imaging and laboratory services
  • Opt for combination medications when appropriate to reduce the number of prescriptions
  • Follow up promptly with recommended treatments and lifestyle changes to prevent recurrence

By focusing on efficiency, patients can minimize the time spent dealing with abdominal pain and its treatment, potentially reducing the overall impact on their daily lives and productivity.

Balancing Cost and Efficiency

When balancing cost and efficiency for treating normal abdominal pain, consider the following approaches for each severity level:

Mild Abdominal Pain

  • Start with self-diagnosis and over-the-counter treatments
  • Use virtual consultations for professional advice if symptoms persist
  • Opt for generic medications to reduce costs
  • Time frame: 1-3 days for resolution

Moderate Abdominal Pain

  • Begin with a virtual consultation to determine if an in-person visit is necessary
  • If required, schedule an in-person doctor visit at a primary care physician rather than a specialist
  • Choose generic prescription medications when available
  • Opt for basic blood tests only if deemed necessary by the doctor
  • Time frame: 3-7 days for diagnosis and treatment initiation

Severe Abdominal Pain

  • Go to an urgent care center instead of the emergency room if possible
  • If ER visit is necessary, prepare a list of symptoms and medical history to expedite the process
  • Request cost estimates for imaging tests before proceeding
  • Ask about outpatient alternatives for procedures when applicable
  • Time frame: 1-2 days for initial treatment, follow-up as recommended by healthcare provider

General Cost-Efficiency Tips

  • Always ask about generic alternatives for prescription medications
  • Inquire about payment plans or discounts for imaging and laboratory tests
  • Consider telemedicine follow-up appointments when appropriate
  • Use prescription discount cards or compare prices at different pharmacies

By following these balanced approaches, patients can receive timely and effective treatment for normal abdominal pain while managing costs. The key is to match the level of care to the severity of symptoms, utilizing lower-cost options when appropriate and investing in more comprehensive care when necessary.

Conclusion

In this comprehensive guide to the costs of treating normal abdominal pain, we've explored various aspects of diagnosis, testing, and treatment options. We've broken down the process into different severity levels and examined the associated costs and time investments for each step.

Key takeaways from this article include:

  1. The importance of accurately assessing the severity of abdominal pain to determine the appropriate level of care.
  2. The wide range of costs associated with different diagnostic methods, from free self-diagnosis to potentially expensive emergency room visits.
  3. The varying expenses of imaging and laboratory tests, which can significantly impact overall treatment costs.
  4. The cost differences between brand-name and generic medications, both prescription and over-the-counter.
  5. The potential need for procedures in more severe cases and their associated costs.
  6. Strategies for optimizing treatment plans based on cost, efficiency, or a balance of both.

Understanding these factors allows patients to make informed decisions about their healthcare, balancing financial considerations with the need for timely and effective treatment. Remember that while cost is an important factor, it should not compromise the quality of care, especially in cases of severe or persistent abdominal pain.

Always consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice, as this guide provides general information and cost estimates that may vary depending on location, insurance coverage, and individual circumstances.

By being informed about the potential costs and treatment options, patients can work more effectively with their healthcare providers to manage normal abdominal pain in a way that is both medically sound and financially manageable.

Share your story
Once your story receives approval from our editors, it will exist on Buoy as a helpful resource for others who may experience something similar.
The stories shared below are not written by Buoy employees. Buoy does not endorse any of the information in these stories. Whenever you have questions or concerns about a medical condition, you should always contact your doctor or a healthcare provider.
Jeff brings to Buoy over 20 years of clinical experience as a physician assistant in urgent care and internal medicine. He also has extensive experience in healthcare administration, most recently as developer and director of an urgent care center. While completing his doctorate in Health Sciences at A.T. Still University, Jeff studied population health, healthcare systems, and evidence-based medi...
Read full bio

Was this article helpful?

Tooltip Icon.