Painful Bladder Syndrome (Interstitial Cystitis)

What is painful bladder syndrome (interstitial cystitis)?

Painful bladder syndrome, also called interstitial cystitis or IC, is a chronic condition of pain and discomfort in the urinary tract.

The cause is unknown. It may be an autoimmune disorder and is often found with fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, or vulvodynia (pain in the outer female organs). Some researchers feel the condition may be linked to a history of abuse.

IC is more common in women than in men, but can happen to anyone.

Bladder pain and inflammation are hallmark symptoms of interstitial cystitis. The pain is often described as a feeling of pressure or discomfort in the lower abdomen that worsens as the bladder fills and may be relieved temporarily after urinating. For some individuals, this pain can be severe and debilitating. The inflammation of the bladder wall can lead to reduced bladder capacity, causing frequent urges to urinate. To manage these symptoms, patients may find relief through lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes, stress reduction techniques, and pelvic floor exercises. Additionally, over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen may help alleviate discomfort. However, it's crucial to work with a healthcare provider to develop a comprehensive treatment plan tailored to individual needs, as the severity and presentation of bladder pain and inflammation can vary significantly among those with interstitial cystitis.

Symptoms

• Frequent urge to urinate
• Bladder pain and spasms
• Pain in the lower abdomen
• Pain during sexual intercourse

Treatment

There is no single cure, so treatment is a stepwise holistic plan that involves lifestyle changes, pelvic floor therapy, addressing the symptoms with medication, and even surgery.