Mastitis (breast infection)

What is Mastitis?

Mastitis is an infection of the breast tissue that causes breast pain, swelling, warmth, and redness of the breast. Mastitis affects about 10% of women who are breastfeeding (lactation mastitis). It is usually caused by a blocked milk duct, which causes bacteria to multiply. The bacteria normally live on the skin or in the mouth of a nursing infant and are transferred to the breast during nursing.

While mastitis can occur due to milk stasis alone, it often involves a bacterial infection. The most common pathogen associated with mastitis is Staphylococcus aureus, a type of bacteria that normally lives on the skin or in the nose. During breastfeeding, these bacteria can enter the breast through small cracks or fissures in the nipple, leading to infection. Staphylococcus aureus is particularly concerning because it can be resistant to certain antibiotics, making treatment more challenging. However, it's important to note that the presence of bacteria in breast milk doesn't always indicate mastitis, as some bacteria are part of the normal flora of the breast. If a bacterial infection is suspected, prompt medical attention is crucial to prevent complications and ensure appropriate treatment.

Mastitis sometimes can occur in women who aren't breastfeeding.

Symptoms

• Breast pain
• Swelling
• Warm to the touch
• Redness of the breast
• May cause cracked nipples
• Fever
• Fatigue

Treatment

You should see a doctor to confirm your diagnosis and get treated, as mastitis can cause women to stop breastfeeding because of the pain. Also, bacterial infections will need to be treated with antibiotics.

Treatment includes changing breastfeeding techniques. Your doctor may recommend that you see a lactation consultant.

You can reduce your risk of mastitis with complete emptying of the breast when breastfeeding or pumping, and by improving your breastfeeding technique.